Affirmative Action in College Admissions Essay -- Race

Affirmative go through has been a controversial topic ever since it was realized in the 1960s to right past wrongs against minority groups, such as African Americans, Hispanics, and women. The goal of affirmative action is to integrate minorities into public institutions, like universities, who stick out historically been discriminated against in such environments. Proponents claim that it is necessary in order to give minorities representation in these institutions, while opponents say that it is reverse unlikeness. Newsweek has a bilgewater on this same debate which has hit the nation spotlight once to a greater extent with a case being brought against the University of Michigan by some dust coat students who claimed that the Universitys admissions policies accepted minority students over them, even though they had better grades than the minority students. William Symonds of Business week, however, thinks that it does not really matter. He claims that minority status is more or less irrelevant in college admissions and that class is the determining factor.According to the Encyclopdia Britannica, affirmative action is an active effort to improve employment or educational opportunities for members of minority groups and women. However, despite its well-intentioned policies, it has been the source of much controversy over the years. Barbara Scott and Mary Ann Schwartz mention that proponents of affirmative action argue that given that racism and discrimination are systemic problems, their solutions require institutional remedies such as those offered by affirmative action legislation (298). Also, even though racism is no interminable direct, indirect forms still exist in society and affirmative action helps direct. On the other hand, opponents to affirm... ...ith the ability to work their way up the social ladder, and rescue in revenue for local and nation governments. The students at the University of Michigan may or may not have a case against affirm ative action that it is based on race, but the real problem with affirmative action is that it is not based on socioeconomic status.Works CitedAffirmative Action. Encyclopdia Britannica. 2003. Encyclopdia Britannica Premium Service. 21 Apr, 2003 Rosenberg, Debra. Michigans Day in Court. Newsweek. 14 Apr, 2003. MSNBC Online. 20 Apr, 2003 Scott, Barbara Marlene, and Mary Ann Schwartz. 2000. Sociology Making Sense of the Social World. Boston Allyn and Bacon.Symonds, William C. College Admissions The Real Barrier Is Class. Business Week 4 Apr, 2003 66-67.

Human Resources Training :: Human Resources Essays

The bottom line for any company is how efficient the workforce is at producing a quality product. Any company which desires to stay ahead of its competition will engage in training and team building efforts for their employees. However, is it really effective? What if the employees do not perceive the training in a positive manner? In their case study, Employee perceptions and their influence on training effectiveness, Amalia Santos and Mark Stuart examine these questions and more.The basic research question at hand was Overall, what atomic number 18 the employees attitudes and perceptions toward the training they were being asked to obtain? Secondly, are the workers able to take the training which they excite received and utilize that knowledge in the workplace?Santos and Stuart plead that most of the human resource literature seems to point at the fact that training is the most significant factor in obtaining behavioral and cultural change. They course credit Keep, E. (1989). Corporate training the vital component? in New Perspectives on Human Resource Management as showing that training was able to bring approximately a deeper commitment by workers toward a project as well as bring out certain talents or abilities that may not pitch been utilized or noticed before(Santos, Stuart, 2003).The researchers hypothesis was that the evaluation methods would make a difference in matching the type of training to the employees needs and that when this was done the employees attitude toward the training would be a positive one.Most of the research participants were employees who worked in the core financial go business. swiftness management were included as well as those in the branches, on the line, and the head office. Names were selected randomly from a computers system.One of the larger variables in this case study was the motivation of the employee himself. One of the larger complaints that Santos and Stuart point out, is that companies are spending larg e amounts of money on training but have no way to determine whether a certain type of training is being effective or not. The dependent variables were those employees whose interest level was known to be high. These people wanted the training and were highly motivated to attend.This case study took place in 1999 for the span of four months in a financial services organization called FinanceCo(Santos, Stuart, 2003). This company had a good reputation for implementing good people management processes and they had the reputation for being quite invested in the idea of ongoing and rhythmic training for all of their employees.

Early History Of The Pipe Organ :: essays research papers fc

Early History of the Pipe OrganThe king of instruments has a long history, sensation which can arguably be tracedto the invention of a collection of doctor-pitched pipes blown by a single player(such as the panpipes) (Randel 583). The first examples of pipe organs withthe basic features of today can be traced to the third century B.C.E. in theGreco-Roman arena it is said to have been invented by Ktesibios of Alexanderand contained a mechanism to supply air under pressure, a wind-chest to storeand distribute it, keys and valves to admit wind to the pipes, and unmatched or moregraded sets of fixed-pitch pipes. (Randel 583) These early organs used wateras a inwardness to supply air-pressure, hence the use of the terms hydraulic andhydraulis.Hydraulic organs were in use for several hundred years before the concept ofbellows, alike in concept and style to those of a blacksmith, came into usewith the organ. Numerous bellows were used to supply air to the wind-chest,often being pumpe d in pairs by men. The disadvantages of this method of airsupply include the lack of consistent pressure, which leads to inconsistentpitch and tuning also, many people were required to operate the bellows since on that point were upwards of twenty-four bellows per organ (Hopkins & Rimbault 35).Also, with organs of this size, the bellows took up large amounts of space, thusforcing the organ to be located in a fixed place, such as a church.Up until the eleventh century (approximately), pitch and range of organs wereextremely limited, mainly in part to the lack of a any style of keyboard. Keysof a sort were introduced around this time, though not in the manner we areaccustomed to. The earliest keyboards were sets of levers played by the handrather than the fingers. (Randel 428) They looked similar to large rectangles an ell long and three inches wide (Hopkins & Rimbault 33) and were played bypushing on them with a hand, although some were large enough that one might needto step on the m. While allowing no real technical dexterity, they weresufficient to play plain-song and chant melodies, particularly with the use ofmore than one player. As time progressed, the keys became smaller and morenumerous until they began to resemble the modern keyboard (except for range) inappearance ca. 1400.While these large early organs were used in limited fashion in churches, many ofthe organs of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries were known as portatives orregals. Portatives were small enough to be carried and played by a single

The Importance of Having Patience and Saving Money :: Personal Finance

Beginning at the age of six, Americans begin to attend school. They will spend the majority of their time in this learning environment until they tweak high school and probably college. During this time, sight are educated about different subjects in the hopes that it will help them live a profitable life. What is a better way to solve a problem, than by teaching peck about the causes and how to not get cheated? The current housing crisis could consent been averted if the American people had been properly educated about how to handle banking and loan situations. However, due to a mentality that people should buy what they cannot afford, America has been in an ongoing recession for more years. On another note, banks need to adjust the way loans are given out as well as the programs being set up to present them back. There is no quick fix to this problem, rather a long-term investment that must be made. Instead of pouring millions of dollars that the government does not h ave into a possible solution that may or may not work, I propose the government implements an educational course in an attempt to rescript the way Americans think. Everyone is aware of the problems that have been caused by the interest rates and the credit cards and the quick fixes that have attempted to solve the problem. The issue with most of these fixes is that the funds used is not money currently available. Sure, more can be printed, but that lowers the value. The fact of the matter is that throwing money at a problem is not going to make it go away. In fact, it only makes the problem worse. It shows the public that its perfectly all right to spend money that they dont have because eventually, everything will be okay. Thats not the case. Up until a few decades ago, everyone believed in having patience and saving. In todays day and age, people want everything now. Technology has continued this message with everything only a click away If people knew that saving mone y is the best way to get what you want, consequently the foreclosure issue would not be such a serious problem. Instead, people go out and spend money they dont have. The public involve to be educated on how to make the best deals and get the most out of the money that they have.

The Role of Women in the Society Depicted by Jane Austen in Pride and P

The Role of Women in the Society Depicted by Jane Austen in surcharge and PrejudicePride and Prejudice is a novel which based in true statement, exploresrelationships between young men and women two hundred years ago. It isnot difficult for the reader to dig up Jane Austen?s point ofview, but she presents her arguments in a subtle way. Not only isit an admirable story of love lost and found, with an eventual happyending, it as well tells us a vast amount about society at the time.This, however, contrasts heavily with todays values and behaviours.In particular the role of women then was quite disparate to the roleof women in the present day. Pride and Prejudice is mainly concernedwith women of a particular social class - the white avenst Family are notpoor, they are above the working class, but they are not extremelyrich either. Jane Austen explores the position of young women in thissituation by telling a story about what seams to be love, but isactually a novel also about the role of women and how they used loveand marriage in life to gain what they wanted. She does this byexplaining to the reader about all of the necessities that a womanshould have, explaining about the different opinions of the differentcharacters in the novel, which are based on opinions of real people ofthat time. This gives us, the ordinal century reader, an insightinto the people, the lives and the attitudes of the time.The financial status of women is perhaps the most significant aspect.In ?Pride and Prejudice?, Jane Austen describes the exact financialstatus of each of the characters. For example, when Mrs and Mr Bennetare talking of Mr Bingley, ?A single man of large fortune, four orfive thousand a year. Wha... ...ery differently for the sistersespecially as Elizabeth had dark down one proposal. If she had notmarried Darcy it would be very unlikely that she would have time tomeet another man who would marry her as she would be considered to betoo old for marriage and therefo re not a costly match.To me, this novel shows women living a live without fulfilment orinterest. Women were seen as objects that completed a household andwere looked upon the same as a beautiful statue or piece of art work.This lifestyle seems quite stifling and the lack of rights that womenhad at this time seems brutally unfair and backwards. The novel showsa society that was extremely judgemental and unforgiving that was toofixed on the theme of marriage where it is a truth universallyacknowledged that a single woman will be in want of a husband inpossession of a good fortune.

The Role of Women in the Society Depicted by Jane Austen in Pride and P

The Role of Women in the Society Depicted by Jane Austen in Pride and PrejudicePride and Prejudice is a novel which based in truth, exploresrelationships between newfangled men and women two hundred years ago. It isnot difficult for the reader to comprehend Jane Austen?s point ofview, but she presents her arguments in a subtle way. non only isit an admirable story of love lost and found, with an eventual happyending, it also tells us a vast amount close to society at the time.This, however, contrasts heavily with todays values and behaviours.In particular the role of women then was quite unalike to the roleof women in the present day. Pride and Prejudice is mainly interestedwith women of a particular social class - the Bennett Family are notpoor, they are above the working class, but they are not exceedinglyrich either. Jane Austen explores the state of affairs of young women in thissituation by telling a story about what seams to be love, but isactually a novel also about the role of women and how they used loveand marriage in life to gain what they wanted. She does this byexplaining to the reader about all of the necessities that a womanshould have, explaining about the different opinions of the differentcharacters in the novel, which are based on opinions of real people ofthat time. This gives us, the twenty-first century reader, an insightinto the people, the lives and the attitudes of the time.The financial status of women is perhaps the most evidentiary aspect.In ?Pride and Prejudice?, Jane Austen describes the exact financialstatus of each of the characters. For example, when Mrs and Mr Bennetare talking of Mr Bingley, ?A single man of large fortune, 4 orfive thousand a year. Wha... ...ery differently for the sistersespecially as Elizabeth had turned down one proposal. If she had notmarried Darcy it would be very tall(a) that she would have time tomeet another man who would marry her as she would be considered to betoo old for marriage and ther efore not a good match.To me, this novel shows women living a live without fulfilment orinterest. Women were seen as objects that completed a household andwere looked upon the same as a lovely statue or piece of art work.This lifestyle seems quite stifling and the lack of rights that womenhad at this time seems brutally unfair and backwards. The novel showsa society that was extremely judgemental and unforgiving that was toofixed on the theme of marriage where it is a truth universallyacknowledged that a single woman will be in want of a husband inpossession of a good fortune.

Nurse Practitioner Interview Essay

I discourseed Durward Durk Lynch he is in my celestial sphere of interest where I want to depart as one day. He is a Nurse practitioner at the Vanden Bosh Clinic and at the College Clinic. He gave information on his background and what drove him to be a Nurse practitioner (NP). He really has had a lot of pick up, as I will explain to you what he has shared.Durk was 18 years former(a) graduating from high school and at the clipping he didnt have the goal or even thought to be a (NP). He was volunteering in a hospital working(a) with paralyzed patients. He was in his 1st year of college and majoring in Psychology. He really had an interest in writing on health and disease. He employ to write in the newspaper on Health and Disease.When he took a conjecture in HMO in 1977 in his 2nd semester in college is when he met his 1st Nurse Practitioner. Thats when he set his goal to become a NP. He states, He never heard of a Nurse Practitioner before, he only heard of a physicians ass istant .Durk was determined to gain the experience he needed and was not in a hurry to do so. He worked in Larned, Kansas in a state mental institution for the criminally insane. Including also working in 3 contrary types of jail environments. Durk was also, enlisted in the army for the Nurse Core in his junior year in college. He was a Nurse Orderly in our time now is called a nursing assistant for 4years. He was an officer 2nd lieutenant for 3 years in the army. When he was in Korea he gained experience in medical surgery.Durk also, gained experience in orthopedic, neurosurgery, working with drug abusers, and people who had addictions to drugs/alcohol. He continued to gain experience by taking a job in the Missouri Clinic. They had no hospital in the county. The clinic was all they had he worked there for 10 years. When his patients needed care that he could not perform he would have to send the patients 50 miles out of the clinic just to see a cardiologist and etc.Durk took anot her job in Ganado, Arizona where he worked as an orderly with deliveries, surgeries, saw TB, and even buried people. When the family members didnt want to bury them or no one wanted to, a long time agone Durk and the Janitor dug the holes and buried the dead patients.Now, he is currently a Nurse Practitioner here in Gallup he says his patients here are harder due to diabetes and hypertension. He recalls the hardest patients for him was when he worked in a Cancer Clinic that was very aggressive to assistanting the patient gain some hope to be cancer free. He states, in that respect was at least one patient dying every week. This was a very hard field to work with because of the high deaths of kids, young and old patients. He was the only Nurse Practitioner to last a year there. Most of the NPs only lasted to 6 months if that.My perceptions before the interview were was he is very happy with his career and seems to be an absolute good-hearted person. He loves what he does and has en joyed getting the experience he has. He states, I have mum not experienced everything there is to experience and I have been a Nurse Practitioner for 30 years. When I asked him about his background he was real happy to talk about his experiences. By the way he talks about his patients you can tell in his tone he cares a lot about his patients. He says the youngest patient he attended to was 2 weeks old and the oldest was 106 years old. He has seen a 5-generation family and really has a lot of shimmer with his job.When I interviewed Dr. Lynch on the following questions he was not expecting the questions I asked. I asked him the first question. What specific communication skill does people entering your lines of work require? He answered, You have to be a good communicator to talk to other doctors and communicate on paper. You are always interacting with people to get the help you need for your patients. The second question I asked him was how important are public speaking skills to your job? He answered, I dont really do that and when I do its occasionally. The only time he had to talk in front of people was at a commencement ceremony. He doesnt really like to talk in front of a huge crowd. The last question I asked was how important to success in your career is good public speaking? He stated, Public speaking is not a big event in my career. Its not really what I do maybe I shy away from it. In my career I only talk one on one with my patients and there family. Everything I controvert with my patients is private and confidential. So therefore I dont need to really give a speech among a crowd.I really enjoyed the interview listening to his experience and made me want to strive even more to become a good Nurse Practitioner. His words were really helpful and he gave me helpful tips on what route to take to get to my career goals. I thanked him for his time and thanked him for the helpful advice. That was my interview that I chose to talk about according to my field I am interested in.

Building Lifecycle

LIFE-CYCLE OF BUILDINGS A thesis SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE , UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS IN PARTIAL fulfillment OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELORS OF SCIENCE (BSc) IN ARCHITECTURE BY WHENU MAUTON . A. 100501059 OCTOBER 2011 build Life Cycle refers to the view of a structure over the course of its total life-in different words,viewing it not just as an operational stimulate,but also taking into account the design,installation,commissioning,operation and decommissioning human bodys.It is hired to use this view when attempting to improve an operational feature of a create that is related to how a building was designed for instance,overall energy conservation. In the vast majority of baptismal fonts there is less than sufficient effort put into designing a building to be energy efficient and hence bouffant inefficiencies atomic number 18 incurred in the operational phase . Current research is ongoing in exploring methods of incorporating a whole life cycle view of buildings,rather than just focusing in the operational phase as is the current situation. create life-cycle is in the stages listed below * Extraction Of Building Materials * Processing Of Building Materials * Designing Of Building * Construction Of Building * Occupancy/Maintenance * end/Disposal * Destruction And Material Re-Use * Design For De structure * plat showing building life-cycle. DECONSTRUCTION deconstruction is a technique practitioners are using to salvage of import building veridicals, number the add up of waste they despatch to landfills, and mitigate other environsal impacts.It is the disassembly of a building and the recovery of its veridicals, often thought of as construction in reverse. Today, the appreciation of the lifespan and honour of visibles has become diminished in the context of a more disposable society in which naturally is assumed to be better. Technological innovation and change magnitude availability of materials, coupled with a growing frugality, population, and desire for more individualized space, has increased the demand for commercial and residential development, typically using new materials.According to the field Association of Home Builders (NAHB), the size of an average home in the United States jumped 45 percent between 1970 and 2002, from 1,500 to over 2,200 square feet, while the number of peck living in from each one home decreased from an average of 3. 2 people to 2. 6 people. This meant more demolition, and renovation, of older structures to allow for new and bigger structures. Demolition using heavy equipment is the traditional touch on for building removal. Modern demolition equipment removes structures quickly, destroying the materials inwardly and creating solid waste destined for landfills.Some cycle does occur during the demolition process, some typically concrete, brick, metal, asphalt pavement, and wood. However, landfill be in many states are still low, enabling was teful disposal practices. Although certain areas in the United States are line of descent to restrict disposal of construction and demolition (C&D) waste in order to promote recycling and reuse (see Section 3), some states still have topical anaesthetic landfill tipping fees as low as $9. 95 per cubic yard. Environmental impacts from construction and demolition activities are sizeable, both upstream and d knowledgestream.Large amounts of energy and preferences go into the deed of new building materials. RESOURCES NOT WASTE Deconstruction advocates are working to change the perception that older building materials are waste. In fact, many of these materials are invaluable resources. However, according to EPA, moreover 20 to 30 percent of building-related C&D material was recycled or reused in 1996. 10 This gap presents an opportunity to capture valuable resources. Deconstruction is becoming a complement to or a substitute for demolition worldwide, including in the United State s where a market is emerging.Brad Guy, a leader in the deconstruction field and president of the Building Materials Reuse Association, has found that there are currently over 250 active deconstruction programs throughout the United States. such(prenominal) programs recognize the potential and benefits of this process, which include decline of Waste and Debris According to the Deconstruction Institute, in order to sustain human society into the next century, resource power will have to increase by a factor of 10. The materials salvaged through deconstruction help replenish the construction materials market, rather than add to the amount of waste in landfills.In fact, studies indicate that deconstruction basin reduce construction site waste by 50 to 70 percent. 11 This not only helps extend the life of the lively landfills, but also decreases disposal costs for developers by minimizing the amount of building related C&D material they are responsible for at the end of a project. EM BODIED ENERGY A major factor in determining a buildings lifecycle impact, corporate Energy is the amount of energy consumed to produce a product, in this case building materials. This includes the energy needed to Mine or harvest natural resources and naked as a jaybird materials Manufacture the materials and Transport the materials. By extending the life of building materials, deconstruction and materials reuse preserve this embodied energy, minimizing the need for further energy use. Resource Conservation and Emissions ReductionDeconstruction helps preserve a materials embodied energy (see text box) and extends the life of natural resources already harvested. 13 This minimizes the need to produce new materialsin turn saving more natural resources and reducing production impacts such as emissions.For instance, a dominant benefit of deconstruction and the reuse of salvaged materials is the decline in greenhouse gas emissions. Using materials salvaged from deconstruction projec ts also reduces the demand to ship materials typically sourced and manufactured long distances from their ultimate use. This helps support the local economy as sound as further reduce air emissions. Deconstructing a building also provides the opportunity to recycle any of the material that cannot be reused. Although the recycling process uses some energy and raw materials, and emits pollution, it is still a more sustainable cream than disposing of materials. 4 Economics Benefi tsNew end use markets, including salvaged material resellers and other small businesses, are being created to support deconstruction activities. Other economic benefits include job creation, workforce development training, lower building material cost, and revenue generation through salvaged materials sales. Avoided demolition debris disposal costs are a benefit when considering the transportation and disposal costs, as rise as disposal restrictions, in certain U. S. states.Additionally, property owners ca n realize tax deductions that include the value of the building and its materials if they are donated to a non-profi t organization. MATERIALS RE-USE Building materials whitethorn retain structural or aesthetic value beyond their lifespan in a given building. This value is captured through materials reuse, a practice that can occur independently from or in conjunction with deconstruction and other lifecycle construction activities. As a component of lifecycle construction, it is an essential step in finish the loop.The concept of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle identifies reuse as midway between initial reduction of resource use and resource recycling in a power structure of limiting environmental impact. Reducing initial resource use avoids the impact entirely, as well as any need for reuse or recycling. However, reusing materials is pet to recycling them because less remanufacturing and processing is required, and less associated waste is generated. In its broadest definition, materials reuse is the practice of incorporating previously used materials into new projects.In the context of lifecycle construction, salvaging finish features, stripping intragroup components, and deconstruction all make building materials available for reuse. Similar to deconstruction, the major benefit of materials reuse is the resource and energy use that is avoided by reducing the production of new materials. Materials reuse also salvages materials with characteristics that are generally unavailable in new materials. For example, lumber with desirable structural and aesthetic qualities such as large dimensions (especially timbers) and knot-free fine grain can be found in walls of old buildings.Such items have a high reuse value as a feature structural and finished surface piece. Note that it is less important what species of tree the wood came from than the way it has been used and the state it is in after such use. definite challenges accompany the numerous benefits of this critical step in the lifecycle construction process. These include the need to verify material quality (e. g. , lumber grade) and the variability of available material quantities, which fluctuate with the level of deconstruction activity.This section describes the opportunities for materials reuse, the market for recyclable materials, and challenges associated with materials reuse. Three case studies at the end of the section highlight projects that incorporate materials reuse. The first case record describes a joint venture deconstruction/materials reuse project that features immediate reuse of salvaged materials. The second case study describes a residential construction project that incorporates significant amounts of reusable materials. The third case study highlights a used building materials retail store within the growing market for reusable materials.IMPLEMENTATION OF MATERIALS REUSE Materials reuse can occur on both large and small scales. Depending on the availability of materia ls and the desired future use, materials reuse can demand a) whole buildings, b) building assemblies, c) building components, d) remanufacturing of building components, and/or e) reuse of individual building materials without modifications to them. These are defi ned below. a) Whole BuildingInvolves relatively minor changes to a buildings structure that often adapt it to a new use (e. g. , transforming a factory into lofts). ) Building AssembliesDefined as a collection of move fitted together into a complete structure (e. g. , pre-fabricated walls). 28 c) Building ComponentsMay be subassemblies or other structures that are not complete on their own (e. g. doors with jambs). d) RemanufacturingAdds value to a material by modifying it (e. g. , re-milling framing lumber for use as trim. Note that this differs somewhat from recycling because the wood is not entirely reprocessed, and retains its rudimentary form). e) Building MaterialsReuse of any individual type of material such as lu mber or stone (e. . , brick from an old structure used in a new landscape design without modifying it). Individual building materials and finish pieces are the most commonly reused. Primary among these is lumber, but steel beams, stone, brick, tile, glass, gypsum, and plasterboard, as well as doors, windows, and cabinets are also routinely successfully reused. At a larger scale, building components are ideal for reuse, while the ultimate reuse includes entire building assemblies, such as panelized walls or floors that can be wholly incorporated into new projects.To help promote more materials reuse and recycling, the City of Seattle produced an king of materials reuse that identifies suitable materials for reuse, recyclable materials, and those that should be disposed of, as well as information on potential environmental and health concerns associated with some materials. A NEW APPROACH TO BUILDING DESIGN As society continues to face significant waste and pollution impacts related to conventional building design, renovation, and removal practices, innovators are imagining a future where buildings are designed to consume fewer resources and generate less waste throughout their lifecycle.Building industry professionals are pioneering the concept of Design for Deconstruction (DfD), sometimes referred to as Design for Disassembly, a technique whose goal is to consider a buildings entire lifecycle in its original design. This includes the sustainable attention of all resource flows associated with a building including design, manufacturing of construction materials, operation, renovation, and eventual deconstruction. 51 The typical building lifecycle is a linear one,. Resources are used and eventually chuck out with minimal thought of re-cycling or reuse.The environmental impacts of this approach are sizeable. In terms of waste, if housing replacement rates re master(prenominal) unchanged, over the next 50 years 3. 3 billion tons of material debris will be creat ed from the demolition of 41 million housing units. Even more hammy is the fact that, if fronts in housing design continue, new homes built during this same time period will result in double the amount of demolition debris, or 6. 6 billion tons, when they are eventually demolished. Beyond these waste issues, the energy consumed to produce building materials is having a huge effect globally.A 1999 United Nations study states that 11 percent of global CO2 emissions come from the production of construction materials. These are the same materials that regularly end up in landfills. 52 The trend in construction practices since the 1950s has only exacerbated these impacts, as buildings progressively contain more complex systems, materials types, and connecting devices, making it more difficult technically, as well as economically, to recover building materials for reuse or recycling.Unless a sustainable lifecycle approach to building is adopted, most building components in the future wi ll become increasingly more non-renewable, non-reuseable, and non-recyclable. INCORPORATING DESIGN FOR DECONSTRUCTION (DFD) Design for deconstruction addresses waste and pollution issues associated with building design and demolition by creating a closedloop building management option that goes against the traditional linear approach (Figure 2). By designing buildings to facilitate future renovations and eventual dismantlement, a buildings systems, components, and materials will be easier to rearrange, recover, and reuse.It is estimated that the average U. S. family moves all 10 years. Over an average 50-year life span, a home may change hands five times and undergo structural changes to meet each occupants needs. Thus, there is potential for multiple renovations over a buildings lifetime, as well as complete building removal to make the land available for a newer building as has been the trend most recently. DfD can proactively address future occupancy flow through a sensible app roach that maximizes the economic value of a structures materials, while working to reduce environmental impacts from their renovation and/or removal.DfD also creates pliable structures that can be more readily reshaped to meet changing needs of owners. Incorporating DfD into the design of a building comprises four major design goals. All of these goals trust to minimize the environmental footprint of a building. Reusing lively buildings and materials Architects and developers should, to the extent possible, incorporate reused materials in the construction of new buildings.Besides minimizing waste from disposal of materials from existing building, as well as decreasing resource use and pollution associated with the creation of new materials, incorporating reused materials will help preserve the materials embodied energy, which is the amount of energy consumed to produce the materials . Additionally, livelihood the materials reuse market will also help create demand for more used materials. Materials, climatic materials, surface materials, surface overcompensatement Refining process Metals, chemicals cement, fired clay, straw,sawn timber, etc.Extraction process Ore, stone, clay, oil, timber,plants, etc. Mining Drilling Harvesting The Earth Ore Oil Timber Dumping Waste Use Re-use Recycling Buildin (SourceBjorn Berg, The Ecology of Building Materials)Building process REFERENCES * WWW. WIKIPEDIA. ORG * LIFECYCLE CONSTRUCTION RESOURCE GUIDE * EPA Deconstruction and Reuse http//www. epa. gov/epaoswer/non-hw/ debris-new/reuse. htm * EPA Construction and Demolition Debris http//www. epa. gov/epaoswer/non-hw/ debris-new/index. htm VALUE OPTIMIZATION IN RELATION TO BUILDING PROJECTSA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE , UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELORS OF SCIENCE (BSc) IN ARCHITECTURE BY WHENU MAUTON . A. 100501059 OCTOBER 2011 INTEGRATED OPTIMIZATION optimize human role in the act of product ion and you optimize production W. Edwards Deming The construction industry often mounts initiatives to increase efficiency and productivity, but assumes the initiatives will gain traction within what is arguably a fragmented and therefore dysfunctional industry.The reality is that a healthy, integrated industry needs to first be developed, and then optimized. Increased efficiency and productivity will follow. The three-fold aim of this paper is that the reader understand * First, the organizational structure is optimized. In the performance effigy, this includes the clarity of structure, roles and responsibilities all of which need to be reorganized. This enables unyielding and integrated team life (as opposed to reshuffling the team from project to project). The supply chain is also to be consolidated in order that the manufacturers, building products and systems are part of the team. Next, the processes are to be optimized. This will be accomplished through (1) Lean Building , (2) Production Quality, and (3) Process Integration and Automation. * Finally, the object of the performance paradigm the building itself is optimized. This requires a management re-orientation toward the total true cost of a development, and the building producers accepting responsibility for the performance of the building operations. While construction productivity has been stagnant even declining rues over productivity have been increasing.Productivity is, of course, a function of theoptimization of the production process (productivity = measures of output from process per unit of input). So, to make a given system more productive (whether its the producer, process or product), the system is optimized to produce more units of output per units of input. With the goal of decisively reversing the productivity decline and the lament incline, this paper proposes some optimization strategies for building systems that create an optimized, efficient and super-productive high perf ormance industry producing high erformance buildings. Building construction and operation have all-inclusive direct and indirect impacts on the environment. Buildings use resources such as energy, water and raw materials, generate waste (occupant, construction and demolition) and emit potentially harmful atmospherical emissions. Building owners, designers and builders face a unique challenge to meet demands for new and renovated facilities that are accessible, secure, healthy, and productive while minimizing their impact on the environment.Considering the current economic challenges, retrofitting an existing building can be more cost effective than building a new facility. Designing major renovations and retrofits for existing buildings to include sustainability initiatives reduces operation costs and environmental impacts, and can increase building resiliency. Source EPA, 2004 Recent answers to this challenge call for an integrated, synergistic approach that considers all phases o f the facility life cycle.This approach, often called sustainable design, supports an increased commitment to environmental stewardship and conservation, and results in an optimal balance of cost, environmental, societal, and human benefits while meeting the mission and function of the intended facility or infrastructure. The main objectives of sustainable design are to avoid resource depletion of energy, water, and raw materials prevent environmental degradation caused by facilities and infrastructure throughout their life cycle and create built environments that are livable, comfortable, safe, and productive.EPAs New England Regional Laboratory (NERL) achieved a LEED Version 1. 0 Gold rating. From conception the project was charged to make use of the outmatch commercially-available materials and technologies to minimize consumption of energy and resources and maximize use of natural, recycled and non- ototoxic materials. Chelmsford, MA While the definition of sustainable buildin g design is constantly changing, six fundamental principles persist. * Optimize Site/Existing Structure PotentialCreating sustainable buildings starts with proper site selection, including consideration of the reuse or rehabilitation of existing buildings. The location, orientation, and landscaping of a building excise the local ecosystems, transportation methods, and energy use. Incorporate Smart growth principles in the project development process, whether it be a single building, campus or military base. Siting for somatogenetic security is a critical issue in optimizing site design, including locations of access roads, parking, vehicle barriers, and perimeter lighting.Whether designing a new building or retrofitting an existing building, site design must integrate with sustainable design to achieve a successful project. The site of a sustainable building should reduce, control, and/or treat stormwater runoff. * Optimize Energy Use With Americas supply of fossil fuel dwindling, concerns for energy independence and security increasing, and the impacts of global climate change arising, it is essential to find ship canal to reduce load, increase efficiency, and utilize renewable energy resources in federal facilities.Improving the energy performance of existing buildings is important to increasing our energy independence. Government and snobbish sector organizations are committing to net zero energy buildings in the next decade or so as a way to significantly reduce our dependence on fossil fuel. * Protect and Conserve Water In many parts of the country, fresh water is an increasingly scarce resource. A sustainable building should use water efficiently, and reuse or recycle water for on-site use, when feasible. * Use Environmentally Preferable ProductsA sustainable building is constructed of materials that minimize life-cycle environmental impacts such as global warming, resource depletion, and human toxicity. Environmentally preferable materials have a red uced effect on human health and the environment and contribute to improved worker safety and health, reduced liabilities, reduced disposal costs, and achievement of environmental goals. * Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) The indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of a building has a significant impact on occupant health, comfort, and productivity.Among other attributes, a sustainable building maximizes daylighting has appropriate ventilation and moisture control and avoids the use of materials with high-VOC emissions. Additionally, consider ventilation and filtration to mitigate chemical, biological, and radiological attack. * Optimize Operational and Maintenance Practices Considering a buildings operating and maintenance issues during the preliminary design phase of a facility will contribute to improved working environments, higher productivity, reduced energy and resource costs, and prevented system failures.Encourage building operators and maintenance personnel to act in the design and development phases to ensure optimal operations and maintenance of the building. Designers can specify materials and systems that simplify and reduce maintenance requirements require less water, energy, and toxic chemicals and cleaners to maintain and are cost-effective and reduce life-cycle costs. Additionally, design facilities to include meters in order to track the progress of sustainability initiatives, including reductions in energy and water use and waste generation, in the facility and on site. REFERENCE * WBDG SUSTAINABLE COMMITTEE

Food Memoir Essay

During my early twenties, I developed a passion for cooking. The deeper I delved into the art of cooking superior food, the more I realized the amalgamating properties it held. Little did I know, this hobby was something my new wife Jenn and I did not sh are. The first indication that on that point might be a problem in the kitchen occurred with a mere(a) orison one eveninging after mildew Honey, I would ex careenable some bacon, I said. To my astonishment, my bride declared, I dont know how to cook bacon, I dont even like bacon I knew this woman for seven yearsmy high take aim sweetheartand I n invariably knew she didnt like bacon. Who doesnt like bacon anyway? Its un-American I said. No wife of mine would ever dislike bacon. And even if you didnt like it, how could you not know how to cook it? Exasperated, I explained how you begin with a cold pan, as not to scorch it. I continued, showing her how not to overlap the bacon, but not to leave too much space either. The conver sation continued and I took jabs where I could.She contended that she did not like bacon because of its texture I argued it was because she did not know how to cook it right. I couldnt really blame her though, she came by it honestly. My mother-in-law cannot cookat all. She has a rotation of triad to four repasts that come from a can or a package. Hamburger Helper was commonplace growing up in that house. A simple meal such as spaghetti is a botched experiment in homemade cooking. Her recipe consists of un-doctored, canned sauce poured onto over-cooked, mushy noodles, that she stirs the entire eon they are boiling.Sometimes, shell even add a couple of frozen meatballs from a bag. To our delight, most of our meals with the mother-in-law take place in a restaurant, where its safe. We are able to enjoy the thing of food and family, while real being able to stomach the food. It is the aforementioned reasons that my wife could not cook when we first got married she simply was not ta ught or even exposed to the practice of cooking. She was also rather close-minded when it came to new things. After-all, Hamburger Helper only came in so many varieties.It was up to me to change all thisto teach her to cook, and open her mind to new flavors. I grew up with real home-cooked meals. My dad, now an engineer, was once the chef at a local restaurant in our hometown of Marion, Illinois. He imparted in me an appreciation for real food, and dispelled the myth in my mind, that mom was responsible for putting dinner on the table. Years later, dad is a becalm a major influence in my relationship with food, which in turn strengthens my relationship with him.For the past ten years, going to dads house for sunshine dinner has been traditionfirst me, then my wife, and now our three children. Dad and I havent always seen eye-to-eye on certain things, but there is an emulsifying, unifying power that quality food possesses, that helped heal our relationship. Even before the modern da ys of Sunday dinner began, my dad was my inspiration to learn to cook, and I aspire to be the same for my children. One factor that enhanced my appreciation for cooking was the time I spent in my early twenties honoring the Food Network.There, I watched Emeril Lagasse cook up his latest masterpiece with a BAM I attempted to emulate many of his dishes, some even with success. It was in this time menstruum that I actually began to develop some culinary skill. My mother was my faithful and willing test subject. Her only complaint was the disaster I odd in my wake. I could cook, but would somehow manage to destroy the entire kitchen in the process. One of my favorite dishes I picked up in this time period was a simple bologna recipe I picked up from Emeril, which became an oft-requested Super Bowl staple.Emerils Favorite Brown Sugar-Crusted Baked Bologna1 An all-beef bologna, smothered in Dijon indian mustard and brown sugar, and slow-cooked for five hours. The resulting deliciousn ess is served on fresh, white bread with yellow mustard. I never would have thought bologna could become gourmet, and it was with this dish I learned it is often the simpler recipes that have the most impact. This taught me that delicious cuisine doesnt necessarily take hours of preparation alongside fancy ingredients. Sometimes, all a simple recipe needs is a creative twist to turn it into something incredible.It took some time, but Jenn came around. The more I encouraged her to try new things, the wider her horizons became. She began to cook, and found she was actually a natural in the kitchen. And how did I finally get her to eat bacon? While she was pregnant with our first son, she would eat anything. I would come home from work to find family-size boxes of macaroni and cheese decimated. I knew this was my chance. I started sneaking bacon into dishes, and onto sandwichesanywhere I remotely thought I could fit it in. Lo and behold, she found she actually liked it flat that we bot h have a healthy appreciation of cooking, we keep a strong focus on it in our day to day lives. Despite our interest schedules, it is a priority of ours to eat together as a family whenever possible. Because of our passion for a unique blend of health and great taste in our diets, our children are always trying, and usually liking, new foods. We can already see in them an appreciation for good food, and an affinity for family meal time. Whats the number one request for just about any meal? Bacon, of course.

Thermodynamics of the Dissolution of Borax

CHEM 212 Laboratory Dissolution of Borax Formal Lab Report Instructions Title Page Experiment title, your name and partner name, course and section number, date, subscribe honor code statement, and abstract. I (your name here) pledge that this assignment has been completed with accordance to the George Mason University Honor Policy as well as the policy set by the course. This work is my own and bears no resemblance to any other students work (past or present). x__(Signature)______ Purpose Reference Materials and Chemicals Reaction Procedure Results tippy Downloaded Data Calculated Data for each temperature oles of HCl moles of borax concentration of borax Ksp ?G- using both equations (A and B ) Sample calculations calculations of your data alone for all of the items listed above ? Graph lnK vs 1/T Show a trendline and provide the R2 value Determine ? H (kJ/mol) and ? S (J/mol K) from the graph SHOW HOW YOU DO THIS Printing Tables ? Large tables should be printed in the landscap e mode and sometimes it might be necessary to go to page setup and select Fit to 1 page to turn the page fit on one page. ? Include column and row headings on the printout so that the instructor jakes more easily understand equations used.This can be done by going to File Page Setup Sheet tab Select Row and Column Headings. Discussion In your banter section address the following questions ? Why is it unnecessary to precisely measure the amount of solid borax used? (This answer should be greater than 3 sentences in length ) ? Should Ksp vary with temperature? Does it? Why or why not? ? Does the graph of ln (Ksp) v. 1/T have any deviating values? If so why? What could be the sources for these errors? ? Discuss the logic behind the determination of ? H and ? S.

Skywest

Case SkyWest, Inc. and the Regional Airline Industry in 2009 Assignment Questions What atomic number 18 the general economic conditions of the U. S. regional respiratory tract effort macroenvrionment? What is the affinity of the industry to the subject and global airline industries? The U. S regional airline industry has been suffered and experienced declining of their profit. This case can be explained by the component of macro-environment. Focuses on the global forces and applied science, the businesses nowadays have been changed dramatically to global business.What I meant by that is, not only do the business in domestically, scarcely also with diametrical nationality partners. It could lead them to think then, if the business has been changed to globally, more populate will fly with the airline industry. However, the technology improved day by day tremendously that stack who are doing the business do not required to fly. They can do the business by telecommunication, em ail, live meeting with visual, or etc. This improved technology could be the one reason that decline the passengers typically in categorized in business travelers.An some different fixings is General economic conditions. Lately, the world economy is experiencing a long recession which affect almost all the businesses not only just the airline industry. Many countries have difficulties with managing their financial status. The relationship between national and global airline industries seems does not too much different. Both U. S national airline industry and global airline industry are low-down from rising fuel cost, global recession, improved technology, safety issues, and etc. The world is connected as big one nation these day.If one failed, all the other parts will be falling apart as well. Its just a matter of time when it would happen. What does a Five Forces analysis of the industry tell you about competition in the regional airline industry? Which forces tend to be the str ongest? The weakest? The five forces analyses of the airline industries show that it has normally a lifelike competition which means their profit margin have been thin. Normally, overall meeting of the five competitive forces is moderate to weak is best place to expect good profit and a nice return on investment.The strongest forces The weakest forces What factors are causing change in the regional airline industry? What is the individual and collective impact of these changes on the regional airline carriers? There are several factors that caused dramatic changes in the regional airline industry. advance fuel cost is the one factor. Rising fuel cost is not the only issue for the airline industry, but for almost every business on earth. The amount of fuel that we could utilize is limited, but there is no alternative energy source for fuel yet for commonly used.Day by day, the cost of fuel rising, and typically airline industry are suffering from that. The cost of fuel takes part s almost 45% of the whole expense. Therefore, many airline companies are trying to lower the expense from somewhere other such as give pressure to lower or smaller airline high society to reduce their cost or number of departure. The other factor can be the safety matter. After 9-11 tragedy, safety rises above the surface and became one of the main factors for the people who want to fly with airplane.The 9-11 terror affected to the people that stop using the airplane along with the new created government regulations which would cost airline companies to cost even more money. What are the key factors that determine winner for companies in the regional airline industry? Make sure that the regional airline industry has enough confederacys with many different study airlines. The more federation that regional airline have with major airlines, they will be guaranteed with stable in aim balance. Also, the customer gratification is the key factors for the success.Find the way to work wi th the major airlines that no neighboring(a) schedule change, accurate luggage system along with the departure/ arrival time, and safety. What is SkyWest, Inc. s strategy? What kind of competitive advantage is it trying to achieve? SkyWest Inc. is well-known airline company with its high customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction factors. Their strategy is keeping the strong factors and be more competitive with acquire more routines by partnership with major airlines other than United and Delta. By getting more partnership with other major airlines, the SkyWest Inc. an gain more routes and connection flight to the major cities which will increase their revenues. What are SkyWests competitively important resources and capabilities? What are its resource weaknesses and competitive deficiencies? Its market opportunities? Its external threats? Their important resources are their customer and employee satisfaction with the airline. The potential threat could be the sister companie s culture. The SkyWest Inc. is nonunionized airline, but ASA is unionized airline company. If the SkyWest Inc. mployees are unionized, there will be some decline in productivity and cost more money for airlines for each flight. What does an analysis of SkyWest, Inc. s financial statements reveal about the companys performance? The SkyWest Inc. was suffered from 2004 through 2008 with rock-bottom net profit caused by multiple factors such as rising fuel cost, decline on customer satisfaction, and etc. However, the financial statements for 2009 shows hope for the company that it can start pick back up their revenues. The airline is doing its best trying to increase their profit by acquisition and getting more partnership with major airlines.What recommendations would you make to the management of SkyWest, Inc. to strengthen the companys competitive position and improve its financial performance? In the Service-Provide industry, customer should always be the main focus for the firm. N o matter how good their product or cheap their product is, if the customer experienced or had bad impression from the firm, the chances for customers to come back would be very low. Fortunately, SkyWest Inc. is already well known for the good customer satisfaction with good safety standards and the quality of service during the flight.Therefore, the airline should vest effort in to maintain what already they are strong and complement the weak points as well. The weak point that the SkyWest Inc. is their dependency to the major airlines. To increase their dependencies, the airline would need more contract with major airlines other than just Delta and United. Also, they need to start thinking in expanding their business internationally. China, Brazil, and other nations crop in airlines increase rapidly. Therefore, they need to look more into the international business not limited only for the U. S region.

Ansoff Matrix of Nintendo Essay

Barriers to Change Individual and Organisational Barriers to Change Obama IYou must be the variety show you want to see in the ground Despite the potential positive outcomes, interpolate is often surviveed at both the individual and the organisational take (Mullins, 99) It is in human nature to resist change. We resist change. We exact to keep our habits, rather the comfort of our habits (Dr. Claude Brodeur PhD, http//members. tripod. com/zenol/humanism. html).Change and the phenomenon of it, is fundamental to evolution and yet it implies some sort of resistance. Resistance to change can take various forms and the chore of filtering out the cause of resistance can often be difficult. Examples include change in work surgical operationes where the needs, expectations, and concerns of individuals are ignored. Change and resistance to it forms a knock-on-effect to both the construction and destruction of whatsoever organisation. caution is one of the major forms of resistanc e to change and I shall discuss this in depth at a afterwards stage.Alas resistance to change can be categorised to the organisational level and the individual level. It is these two separate levels which I shall discuss further exploring what steps whitethorn be taken to overcome resistance at both the organisational and individual level. The Organisational Barriers to Change There are a reckon of barriers to change at the organisational level that, need to be addressed to allow change to be implemented with the least amount of resistance.These include Financial and Environmental omit of working cap in an organisation can prevent it from introducing change that is necessary to stay ahead of competitors or merely survive as a business. The lack of finance could be due to a variety of factors. Lack of Resources and Bad Resource Allocation Lack of resources is an onset of financial and/or environmental issues as discussed in the above paragraph. Bad resource allocation, occur when managers make bad decisions in allocating resources such as money, time, machinery and staff.Structural An organisation that follows the traditional hierarchical structure tends to resist change more than that which has a more flat structure. Insufficient colloquy There are two branches of communication, which are communication internally, within the organisation amongst Employees and Management and externally between the organisation and suppliers and customers. Lack of or Bad LeadershipStrong leadership is required in order to direct the change management process in any organisation.Bad leaders who merely provide are not doing enough to inspire the employees to march ahead. People want to be shown the way. Lack of Preparation for New Roles Organisations may lack in their planning phase. Failing to prepare and define the new roles that will need to be satisfied when change is implemented shall give rise to resistance. Cultural Issues The culture of an organisation is a set of un written rules. Management may have a set of protocols for employees to bond to perform business processes.The way a task is actually carried out depends namely on the culture Individuals Resisting Change There are a number of barriers to change at the individual level that, need to be addressed to allow change to be implemented with the least amount of resistance. These include Fear News of change can invoke fear among employees. Employees may feel afraid of not being able to fulfil the new proposed changes to work practices that are being imposed. Employees may begin to question the future of their job, which shall cause much discomfort.People resist change due to anxiety, pessimism and different personal ambitions. Lack of input signal into the change Individuals tend to resist change where they play not part in change. The idea of not knowing the change can cause a rift between the employees and management. Overcoming Resistance at Organisational and Individual Level Organisati onal Level Overcoming Undefined Goals and Objectives Goals and Objectives should be frequently redefined and relayed to all employees. This shall aid towards clearing up any misunderstanding and possible conflicts.Overcoming Financial and Environmental Issues Organisations should have a contingency fund to cater for changes in demand or develop a very good relationship with their bank manager in case you need to borrow money at hard times Overcoming Structural Problems and Insufficient Communication In a large organisation employees may wish to elect a spokes person who can act as a collective vocalisation to air potential barriers directly to management Overcoming Lack of or Bad LeadershipIt is a natural human instinct to follow leadership as children we explore up to our parents and as adults we look up towards our superiors Overcoming Lack of Preparation for New Roles The importance of planning must be emphasised and reflected.The new roles should be soon explained to the res pective employees prior to implementing change, to stifle out any doubts, fears or resistance. Overcoming Cultural Issues The cultural characteristics once identified need to be overcome and evolved into a non-blame culture Individual Level Employees should be directly twisting in the change process, which shall motivate and reduce resistance. Extra incentives should be made available to further incite and reward compliance. Support networks should be established as a means to reinforce the change possible action.Appendix 1 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs depicts the theory of psychological needs, values of authority, hierarchy and rationality, security needs. The model consists of many levels. Maslow argues that once the basic level of Air food water and sex are met the abutting hierarchical or rational need is for safety. An organisation must concentrate on invoking a sense of Belonging to the organisation by keeping them informed, involved and sharing the success. string Field An alysisThe force field analysis helps identify the forces for change (drivers) and forces against change (resistance) in an organisation. Through analysis the author concludes that it important to cite that even if you have more forces for change than against this may not actually guarantee you successful change.The key is to remove the barriers to change on the organisational and individual level. Force Field Analysis Figure 1 Field Force Analysis Twelve Principles for Managing Change These principles provide the cause and effect of managing change strategically cerebration processes and relationship dynamics are fundamental if change is to be successful. Change only happens when each person makes a decision to implement the change. People fear change it happens to them. Given the freedom to do so, people will build quality into their work as a matter of personal pride. Traditional organizational systems treat people like children and expect them to act like adults.Truth is more important during periods of change and uncertainty than good news. Trust is earned by those who demonstrate consistent behaviour and clearly defined values. People who work are capable of doing much more than they are doing. The intrinsic rewards of a project are often more important than the material rewards and recognition. A clearly defined vision of the end result enables all the people to define the close efficient path for accomplishing the results. The more input people have into defining the changes that will affect their work, the more they will take ownership for the results. To change the individual, change the system.

New Book of Knowledge Online Essay

Since the year 1912, the New Book of Knowledge has been in chump and has remained as an authoritative, informative and educational modern encyclopaedia for children. It provides balanced, appropriate, and engaging coverage of a wide range of topics for students in grades four through six. The New Book of Knowledge has long been the leading source of accurate, accessible, and fun-to-read discipline for use in homes and libraries. It contains thousands of articles, written by over 1,880 authoritative contributors and also has many other special features.The key aspects of the New Book of Knowledge Online ar its appealing features, illustrations, and maps complement encyclopedia entries. The more recent 2003 edition boasts of 51 completely new articles among them African Union Chirac, Jacques Grief Giuliani, Rudolph Mesopotamia Snails and slugs and Zoology. With about 1,200 new images, photographs, and full treatment of art, the New Book of Knowledge Online devotes nearly one-third of the content to illustrations. This is a key feature which appeals to its target market of children from grades four (4) to six (6).Several interactive features also sack this edition more appealing and entertaining for the children as well. Under the NBK News section there is SummerScoops which is a fun section that currently links to the Great Outdoors, Sightseeing. com, Rainy Day Fun, Summer Reading, and more. There ar also other regular features, such(prenominal) as Wonder Questions, Literary Selections, and Projects and Experiments, which are also found in the print set. Web Feat is a fun-and-games approach to learning and adds entertainment to education.The strength of the New Book of Knowledge Online is the detail that the selective information is very thoroughly updated. The replacement article on Afghanistan is current into June 2002 and Hamid Karzais election as president of the Transitional Authority. Terrorism, war on is a new entry, and Bush, George W. and Terro rism were replaced. The Bush entry notes his address to the United Nations in September 2002, and the new entry on Tony Blair mentions the prime ministers make for Bushs plans to disarm Iraq. The post deadline Columbia space shuttle disaster made it into the entries for Space exploration and travel and Space shuttles.These current facts make this an ideal encyclopedia not only for children but for parents as well. It is not only useful for school reports and research papers but has all sorts of information that appeal to almost all the scholarly endeavors. Another major selling point for the New Book of Knowledge is its relative ease in facilitating searcher. individually volume of the New Book of Knowledge has its own index with blue pages, which makes it easy to locate, and there is a well-constructed comprehensive index volume for the set.It also identifies items such as pictures, maps, and in the index entries. A Subject Browse, Alphabetical Browse, and Advanced Search are ava ilable in addition to a full-text Quick Search. existence able to retrieve articles and updates in a single search is a great feature, making Quick Search very user-friendly. In both its print and online version NBK is well suited to its young audience, a group generally underserved by reference publishers. Its many appealing features encourage children to explore and to develop best research skills.

Good afternoon friends Essay

The radix of Vicki L. Sears Grace can be seen in the relationship that develops between two of the characters, Billie Jim and Paul. Billie is an orphan who leads along with his sis and is adopted by Paul and his wife. Billie displays a desire to trust and get into their new parents while baby remains suspicious. Vickie Sears illustrate that although children suffer abuse and neglect, there is hope that they can learn to trust and draw self-esteem. Billie Jim is a silent child who relies on his sister to protect him.Paul and his wife come to get them but Billie is hiding in a tree to escape from some of the bigger boys. His sister stairs in and fights the older boys to get Billie down. She describes him as a sissy. Billie has to use the bathroom, but instead of request their new parents he pinches his sister. Paul takes him to the restroom and his sisters concern gives us an understanding into prior abuse and practical reasons for Billie Jims reserved behavior.Although Paul woul d never hurt Billie Jim intentionally at theend of the story he does. His death not only means an end to their relationship, but also an end to their secure situation and protection. Billie loses the starring role along with the friend he has made, and is back into his uncertain life led by corrupt adults. The Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara is when Toni attended college and come of age as a writer.Bambara was at the head of al-Qaida politics, the feminist movement, and African American culture in Harlem when it was the 60s. Her writing uncovers the contrarietys forced onAfrican Americans of that era which America avoided and could not interfere. The story is a window for the reader into Bambaras reality as much as it is a lesson for the immature woman Sylvia the main character.The Lesson is a first person level told by a youthful, poor, black girl growing up in Harlem in an undetermined time period known as Back in the days when everyone was old and stupid or young and foolish, S ugar and I were the only ones just right. Going by the prices some can accept it was sometime in the early seventies.The story is about a trip started by a topical anesthetic woman, who is the only educated person in the neighborhood and has taken it upon herself to uncover the unthankful children of the neighborhood to the human outside of their worried community. The last stop is FAO Schwartz in Manhattan, where the toys of white children cost more than all of the childrens household yearly incomes combined and the lesson is almost lost on the children. The story closes by making plans to go past the left over cab fare change they stole from Miss Moore.At the last due south Sylvia turns on her friend and goes off alone to think of the events of the day. The storys theme focuses on knowledge and the need for education as the results of knowledge. It proves how learning can lead to grief but that the grief is necessity for helpful change. The author also studies different type s of pride and purposes of leadership and the various ways people deliver respect or disrespect for each other. Underlying the entire story is the concept of economic difference between whites and blacks in the United States.

Singing in the Rain

Singing in The rain Brianna Walsh The Use of Singing and Dance in Singin In the Rain Singin In the Rain is a marvelous movie that shows the transition between silent films and talkies. This film, how invariably, would exhaust no bushel what so ever if it were not a musical. The dancing in the movie gave it something different making the movie a classic, while the sing gave the supposition of the movie. Lina Lamont would be the first problem with a normal film. If the movie did not have singing, the impact of how bad her voice rattling was would not be heard. The shocking shrill of her voice is really the premise of the whole movie.To really be appreciated, Lina waited a little before talking in the movie creating hope in the viewers. Her lack of dancing abilities just furthered her distance from the talkies and made the audience root against her. Kathy Selden really shined in this movie because of the singing and dancing. Her voice was fantastic and her dancing, especially p aired with Don Lockwood, was better than many audiences had ever seen before. Without these two aspects in place, Kathy would not have been as likeable and her position as the underdog would have touched how the audience viewed her.Don Lockwood swooned all the ladies in this film with his charming singing and amazing tap dancing. He was really the star, in my eyes, of both of the categories. He was impossible to look away from because of his complicated choreography with his co-stars. Don would be nothing in this film if not for the singing and dancing. His part in the film would lessen immensely and he wouldnt have made such an impact with the viewers. This film is a classic in American history solely because of the singing and dancing scenes. If these two things were not included in the film, it would have been lost among other movies of the time.

Activity Planning, Level 3 Child Care

Activity Planning Sheet Name of the activity Circle/story while. The arrive of children involved 7-8 children. The age of the children that are taking part 4-5 years. Area of Learning This activity will suck up the children use their imagination, to a fault this activity will get the children to concentrate as they will be opinion about a story to come up with. It will also help the children boost their corporate trust and their social skills.The ahead of time years foundation satge says that you should provide the children with activities that involve turn-taking and sharing in sm solely sorts. It also says that the aldut should explain to the children why it is important to pay attention when others are speaking. I think this is great for a circle time activity. Specific Learning Objectives This activity is acceptable for boosting the childrens confidence in themselves and interacting with other children.The early years foundation stage say that adults should provide regular opportunities for children to talk to a small group about something they are interested in or father done, i thought this would be a good idea as the children can put in their own experiences into the story they are do up. This will also encourage the children to listen to others. The main objective of this activity is to get the children to use their imagination, as they are very imaginative. Resources and Equipment During my activity Im divergence to use a small teddy expatriate for them to top around the circle when the children are making up their own story, I think this is a good idea as the children will know that they can only talk when they are holding the bear which well help them to share things with other children. This will also help their concentration. While doing this activity Im going to write down the story that they have made up so they can look cover on it or show their parents. Special Considerations When doing this activity I may come across a chi ld that is to shy to talk and that doesnt want to take part in the activity. Bringing in a small teddy bear that the children can hold when its their turn will comfort them and it may take down encourage them to take part in the activity. There might be a child in the group that only speak basic English, Ill need to take the childs feelings in to consideration and make trustworthy during the activity I try and get the child involved as much as i can and use signs and facial expressions to help them understand what the story is about.I need to make sure that no one feels left out and that they all have fun. Health and safety While doing the circle time activity with them i need to make sure that all the children arent sitting close together in the circle as children get very excited when doing an activity that is fun, we need to prevent any accidents that may happen like bumping in to each other. What is the adults role in this activity? -Make sure all the children are behaving we ll and being sensible. Observe the children and learn from the experience. -make sure they are all using appropriate language. -Theyre all learning at the best of their ability. -Give the children help with their language if they need it. -Be in charge of the group Im workings with and make sure that they are all taking part in the activity. -Give encouragement to all the children especially the children who dont want to take part. -Make sure you follow the activity plan and the schools policies. Make sure all the children have fun

Premature Baby

A new medical practice for untimely babies -Touching or No Touching- In the world, more than 300 thousand people atomic number 18 born in a day, besides 10 percent of them ar born as immature babies. The premature birth rate has change magnitude by ab break 36 percent since the early 1980s, and m twain of them have died. Fortunately the good give-and-take is that the survival rate of the pre bourn has increased remarkably due to improvements in neonatology, such as using brooder transport. However, compargond with in utero transport, incubator transport, based on detachment between with mother and sisters, is not natural thing, and it pacify has assays.Incubator transport for preterm still has some kn receive disadvantages including infant instability by lack of adequate systems for securing the infant, and separation of mother and infant. Even though it has some risk, it has been known as an optimal practice for criminal maintenance of protrusile number of premature i nfants. According to Statehealthfacts. org, in the joined States in 2009, in that location were 502,306 preterm births born. This is 12. 2% of births in the United States, 2009. Table. 1 turning of births, number of preterm births, and preterm births as a percent of all births in the United States 2009 form full term babies are born at 38 weeks.Babies born before 37 weeks are defined as premature babies, and those born between 24 and 29 weeks are extremely premature. They normally have less incubus than 1. 5kg (3. 3lb). And all babies born with less than standard birth weight, 2. 1kg (4lb) are at risk. Therefore, babies born early need special care and monitoring to help them to gain weight. To lower disadvantages of incubators and improve care preterm babies, Kangaroo care, a new medical practice for preterm babies, was introduced and being conducted in some linked states medical facilities.Kangaroo care is also known as kangaroo mother care, kangaroo screw up care, and skin to skin care. Although the bid varies, the concept is that h grey-headeding an infant, naked except for a diaper and hat, against the bare dressing table of an adult for the mapping of providing the infant with a natural thermic environmental, nurturing touch, and enhanced opportunity to breast- escape. Although numerous studies have explored the value of kangaroo care for premature or stressed newborns, the literature informing the effects of kangaroo care to people is scarce the hire by Janice Collisons said.Mostly, the incubator as a present medical system is being used. The current overabundant model of neonatal stabilization like incubators involves placing the infant in an open warmer immediately afterwards deli genuinely. This practice immediately separates the mother and infant during a crucial period of extra uterine adaptation, and whitethorn be a venue for delayed neonatal physiological adaptation, reduced breast- victuals, and impaired maternal infant bonding. The g oal of my research is to know the benefits of kangaroo care as a stabilization method for preterm infants, and to figure start how it contri justes the health of infants.In March of 2010, a mother gave birth to a premature infant son, named Jamie. She was told that the baby had died scorn the best efforts of the medical staff. She was given a chance to hold and cuddle him on her actors assistant in order to say goodbye. When placed on her chest, his breath began coming in short bursts, and his grows and the medical staffs were stunned when Jamie opened his eyes with stable breathing. Jamie is now a normal active 2 year old boy. What this mother and child experienced is kangaroo care because it is similar to the same care a baby kangaroo receives in its mothers pouch.Doctor, Susan Ludington says many people dont understand this situation, provided there are eight reports of other babies revived by kangaroo care. The mother can stimulate the baby to live. I hypothesise the Kang aroo care helped In fact, this method had been used in Colombia. Due to increasing mortality rates in Bogota, Colombia, in 1978, Dr. Edgar Rey introduced kangaroo care to alleviate the shortage of caregivers and lack of incubators. This care was found to be an inexpensive and very beneficial experience to babies in Bogota, Colombia.The mortality rate finally fell to 30 percent from 70 percent. Most studies have proven that Kangaroo care has positive impacts on babies and their parents some studies have proven there is no change but no study has proven that kangaroo care has hurt either parent or baby. By offering it to newborns, they have a stable heart rate, more regular breathing, ameliorate oxygen saturation levels, no stress, longer periods of sleep, more rapid weight gain, and earlier hospital discharge. The archetypical benefit of the kangaroo care is that preterm babies can have longer periods of sleep.Researchers have come a long centering in determining the major cause o f colic. The common conclusion in 1999 is that colic is caused by a babys inability to regeneration from one sleep state to another like from an industrious state into a sleep state and back again. Kangaroo care perform in a quiet, low precipitate environment with any baby has been proven to reduce crying and help the baby learn to transition from one sleep state to another. A study done by Patricia Messmer in 1997 found a significant increase in sleep time for the neonates during Kangaroo care.The kangaroo care can relieve the pain of preterm babies during discussion such as blood test, injection of medication, and several physical tests which give significant pain to the babies. Because the premature babies are really vulnerable to surroundings, doctors need to take blood samples to check their health any day. They usually take 3cc amount of blood from the babies. The volume of blood drawn (3cc) from babies is proportionate to that drawn (400cc) from adults. How painful it i s for the babies to stand.The investigate that measured the pain level to premature babies from the blood test was conducted while kangaroo care procedure. The result of the experiment showed that the babies felt less pain when they were on mothers chest. According to the article Kangaroo care is potent in diminishing pain solvent in preterm neonates, it concludes Kangaroo care was effective in significantly diminish pain response on the behavioral components of a validated composite measure of pain in preterm babies.Given the many invasive procedures that are part of clinical care in preterm babies, KC may be a safe analgesic alternative in neonates in whom it is feasible and with mothers who are comfortable providing KC for painful events The newest studies that are being done in Sweden and other countries concentrate on full term babies in respiratory distress. They take these babies, who would normally be put on respirators, and place them on the moms chest immediately after birth in the Kangaroo Care position. Babies stayed on mom until the respiratory distress was gone within 48 hours for most babies.Oxygen hoods and cannulas (small tubes) were used if needed. In preterm babies, the effects of Kangaroo Care on these functions are bonny as dramatic. In 1998, Dr. Susan found a four-fold decrease in apnea during Kangaroo Care and ventilated babies were able to protrude transfer and position changes without increased oxygen requirements. In 1997, GM Cleary, et al reason out there was no increase in bradycardia(slow heart rate below 60 beats per min) episodes during Kangaroo Care. In 1998, Gay Gale and Kathleen Vandenburg concluded that the heart rate was more regular for Kangarooed infants.All-in-all, the baby fared much better when placed in Kangaroo Care. With my own ventilated preemie (1 pound 12 ounces at birth) I noticed a 50% reducing in oxygen requirements, no apneas, more stable heart rate, and more spontaneous respiration when I held her s kin-to-skin. Holly Richardson concluded that more rapid weight gain was observed in Kangarooed infants. Kangaroo care allows the baby to decline in quality into a deep sleep by conserving their energy for far more important things. This increased weight gain also leads to shorter hospital stays.Kangarooed infants can have as much as a 50% shorter hospital stay than babies who are not kangarooed. This means less expense for the parents and children. In 1990, Dr. Susan Ludington demonstrated that mothers showed thermal synchrony with their babies. A recent study placed babies in Kangaroo Care position on the mothers chest and temperatures were taken periodically of both the mothers chest and the baby. The study revealed that when the baby got cold, the mothers body temperature would increase to warm the baby up. The supplant was also true.Given a suggestion of Your baby looks warm to me by a nurse, the mothers chest temperature would decrease within minutes to compensate. Extra bla nkets and monitoring of babys temperature might be needed when Dad or others practice Kangaroo Care, but in 1997, Karl Bauer wrote that one hour of skin-to-skin contact (Kangaroo Care) was no cold to preterm infants. In 1998, Papi A Gomez found infants in Kangaroo Care for more than 50 minutes were 8 times more likely to breast feed spontaneously. Kangaroo Care allows for easy access to the breast, and the skin-to-skin contact increases draw let-down.A receiving blanket, strategically placed to catch extra milk is extremely helpful especially if the baby is unable to breast feed. Otherwise, some doctors argue that there is risk of a bacterial infection if vulnerable infants come out from incubators. However, by using kangaroo care the electric resistance of premature babies is built up so they are not easily affected by any bacterial infection. wherefore? Its because of the breast milk, containing lymphocytes and macrophages that produce antibodies. The kangaroo care facilitates an easy access breast feeding for both moms and babies than incubators.As long as mothers are in good health and can produce levelheaded breast milk, the premature babies resistant system will develop. Richardson proposed that brain development is more rapid in the baby who benefits from Kangaroo care. Her research reveals that alpha waves double in a baby being kangarooed versus a baby in an incubator. Alpha waves are the brain wave patterns associated with contentment and bliss. Delta brushes are a pattern formed when tracking brain activity that represents the creation of new neural synapses.Delta brushes are higher during Kangaroo care than during incubator care. Through some cases and studies, kangaroo care can contribute to give an efficient treatment, as well as a miracle revival, to premature infants as long as it comes into wide use in a medical institution rather than using of artificial facilities which give stress to vulnerable infants. These benefits of kangaroo care are fundamentally from mothers love and communication. The incubator transport may give the stable care to the babies but its not perfect and not natural to them. It cannot be compared with mothers bosom.Some hospitals, combining both this touching system and the incubator, experience the positive results from the kangaroo care. However, there is still a huge lack of the experience of the kangaroo care. How to encourage people to know about the kangaroo care? Telling is the best way to spread it out to people. When people become parents with knowledge of the kangaroo care, they may use this touching in their home. Its easy for every parent to use. Parents should know that their love and touching are what vulnerable babies need, not a cold and nonpersonal facility.Bibliography Articles Barb Morrison. Kangaroo Care Natures top hat for our Little Ones (2006) mesh Feb 22. 2012 <http//www. preciousimagecreations. com/presentations/kangaroocare. pdf> Maria Blois. Hold Me Close En couraging necessary mother/baby physical contact (2007) entanglement Feb 22. 2012 < http//www. babywearinginternational. org/Blois_research_summary. pdf> Dieter Sontheimer. Kangaroo Transport Instead of Incubator Transport(2004) Web Mar 11. 2004 < http//pediatrics. aappublications. org/content/113/4/920. full > Celeste Johnson. Kangaroo care is effective in diminishing pain response in preterm neonates (2003) Web Mar 11. 2012 < http//archpedi. ama-assn. org/cgi/reprint/157/11/1084 > Leornard A. Herzenberg. Soluable CD14 enriched in colostrum and milk induces B prison cell growth and differentiation (2000) Web Mar 20. 2012 <http//www. pnas. org/content/98/2/603. full> Books Ludington-Hoe. Kangaroo Care The Best You Can Do for Your Premature Infant. New York Bantam Books(1993). Web Feb 22. 2012 Bergman. Kangaroo Mother Care. Geddes Productions (2003). Web Feb 22. 2012 Web Mhaire Fraser. Mom Uses Kangaroo Care to Revive Child Pronounced Dead. Care2 Make a Differenc e. Web. 22 Feb, 2012 Holly Richardson. Kangaroo Care Why Does It Work? Midwifery Today. Web. 22 Feb, 2012 Krisanne Larimer. Kangaroo Care Benfits Premature Baby. Web. 22 Feb, 2012 Kaiser Family. United States Number of Birth, 2009 United States Number of Preterm Births, 2009 United States Preterm Births as a Percent of All Births, 2009 Statehealthfacts. org. Web Mar 14, 2012 Jane Sheppard. Breastfeeding for a strong immune system. Web. 20 Mar, 2012 Rebecca M. Pugh. Supporting the birth that is right for you. Web. 20 Mar, 2012

Eminent Domain

Eminent Domain Business 186 The ancient in force(p), for the g everywherenment to push property from an individual with off consent for a common good is called Eminent Domain. Some examples of a common good are, to habitus a dam, an airport, a hospital or a highway. The U. S. constitution understands that right as long as just compensation is paid they are permitted to take the privet property for public use. However, New London took lower from one privet party and gave the property to another privet party. By doing so the city promises to attract new growth, which in return will help invigorate the community and bring in more tax revenue.The rural area they penury to build all these new structures is where the Undersea Warfare Center of the Navy was. When the Navy go it took 1,400 jobs with it. The unemployment rate of the city only got worse. This has been a rough neighborhood for quite some time. Pfizer, a pharmaceutical connection built a $350 million research center, w hich created 1,400 job opportunities. Since then the government has created parks and unresolved up the river fort access to the public. Furthermore, the city wants to build new homes for professionals, office buildings and a hotel.They want station to build these luxurious homes for the professional employees of Pfizer. The houses that sit above the Thames River in front of Fort Trumbull is the area they want to use to build all these new structures. Though many people have left their houses, in that location are still a few that remain in their homes in this area. The city is offering a fair price for their homes but the residents do not want the money, they just want to keep their homes that they worked rattling hard to get. The Supreme Court upheld the citys condemnation right the homeowners had to forcefully sell their homes.It command that required purchase to foster economic development falls under public use and is constitutionally permissible. By making this decision the Supreme Court drives the argument over eminent domain fend for to the states and local communities. Eminent domain has been used correctly to rebuild decayed urban areas or set off economic growth conflict now is rising with political and legal battles, there are many states that are taking advantage of it. In 2009 Pfizer closed its New London location and transferred its 1,400 employees to a campus the company owns in Groton, Connecticut.I enjoyed this article because it opened my eyes to what people are experiencing around the country with Eminent Domain. I dont think New London treated their residents fairly by authorizing these structures built over their homes. Towns such as New London and others are not pursuing their decisions wisely as to their just and progressive social policies. I think that they are socially harming and being biased against ordinary work people and small business owners. I do not think that eminent domain is a morally legitimate right of the gove rnment.I do not think that the government should have the right to take away your property. It takes someone about thirty eld to pay off a home and finally be able to call it their property and not the banks. I think that after thirty years of slaving away making payments and paying interest rates, the government should not be able to just suffice in and take your property, it is not morally correct. Now on the other hand, if the property is abandoned then yes, the government should be able to obtain it for public use. I do not think its right for the government to forcefully vacate someone from his or her home to use it publicly.

Strategy Evaluation for the Lloyd bank organisation Assignment

Strategy Evaluation for the Lloyd money box organisation - Assignment ExampleLloyds heavy relies on its brand to achieve success, but also combines this with an excellent grasp of consumer needs (Bicker 2013 51). As such, the companionship has formulated corporate objectives that are aimed at providing relevant, customised, and superior services to consumers in altogether categories. Over the years, the bank has realised that although its brand is strong enough to fuel its success, that alone is not enough to ensure sustainable growth in a rapidly developing banking arena. In lieu of this, the company has developed and utilise a customer satisfaction normal that is aimed at providing the best banking services to current and potential customers (Wilson 2013 36). This blueprint is guided by efficiency, good ambience, excellent customer support, cordial customer relations, and a consumer engagement machine that is based on feedback and interaction. Lloyds customer satisfaction s trategy has been instrumental in its current success, particularly collectable to the banks ability to develop new, innovative services that improve service delivery. As the banking sector becomes more competitive, financial institutions realise that their service portfolios are becoming increasingly similar. This has prompted a shift to goodness in service, something that Lloyds has embraced as part of its corporate strategy.The UK and global banking sectors are experiencing numerous changes that are driven by innovation and technology. The rise in mobile and online banking is an example of a shift in focus that is hotheaded growth in the sector. However, it is also becoming obvious that banks have fundamentally similar offerings and procedures. This also applies to the scientific and innovation aspects of banking, which are now common in almost all banks (Casson & Rose 201435). For example, almost all banks in the United Kingdom have mobile and online banking services

Profile in crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Profile in crime - raise ExampleMy m separate was cancer. She slowly destroyed everything around her. She produced two killers me and my brother Joe. (Richard Kuklinski in an interview on HBO) In fact, in 1940, his father Stanley Kuklinski had beat his elder brother Florian to death and hid this fact stating that he omit to his death set ashore a flight of steps. Richard Kuklinski had witnessed the harsh realities of life ever since his childhood and by the succession of ten he was filled with remorse, hate and rage. He followed the footsteps of his father by inflicting torture on animals as well as his friends if he felt offended by them. He committed his first capital punishment by the young age of fourteen (thirteen?) and from then on he began feeling a whiz of power when he discovered that he could be in control of the situation. The Ice Man was other name given to Richard Kuklinski because he froze any(prenominal) of his victims in an ice-box. We called him the Ice Man because he froze some of his victims, kept them in an icebox he had for a while, then put them out so we could not tell when the implementation actually took place, you see. (Paul Smith, new Jersey Organized Crime and Racketeering Bureau investigator.) Though he appears to be a quiet person, yet his looks are quite deceiving when considering the brutal way in which he slay his victims and had kept the secret away from this family for so many years. In an interview program on HBO, Kuklinski confessed to having worked as a contract killer for many Italian- American families involved in crime and says how he had to move to places such as Africa, Brazil and Europe on his business trips. He also states that he doesnt particularly enjoy killing his victim, but he gets more pleasure from planning, stalking and hunting down his victim. Facts of the Case I have chosen to write about Richard Kuklinskis first murder that he committed when he was only thirteen years old. The murder took plac e in the year 1948 and was of Charley track, a small time leader of a gang of teenagers who call themselves as The Project Boys. Charley and his gang had bullied Richard for some time and following a bad beating, Richard wanted to take his vindicate on all of them. Richard attacked Charlie with a solid wooden dowel from his closet, when he was walking home alone, and beat him to death. He then took his bole and disambiguated some of its parts by removing his teeth and chopping off the tips of his fingers with a hatchet, in order to prevent acknowledgment of the consistence. (Carlo Phillip, 2006) The above actions he had made use of were taken from a Magazine that he had read. Kuklinski then took his body and dumped it off a bridge in South Jersey. Richard Kuklinski admitted that he had no intentions of killing Charley Lane, but harboring revenge against him proves his intentions to be false. This point is again proved when we find that Kuklinski went further to beat and wipe ou t the other six boys belonging to Charley Lanes gang by making use of a metallic element pole taken from a thrash can. The first weapon used for the first murder of Charley Lane was a wooden dowel, but as years passed by Kuklinski is found to have used a variety of weapons such as guns, hand-grenades, ice-picks, knives, bats, strangulation and even fire for murdering his victims. This he did in order to live elusive from the Police and to divert their attention towards other criminals. He never regretted committing any of his murders. As Douglas Martin, saucily York Times