10 Racist Supreme Court Rulings in U.S. History

The Dawn Of The Enlightenment By David Hume - 1740 Words

The dawn of the Enlightenment brought forth a slew of radical notions that challenged society’s dominant sentiments at the time. With the onslaught of conversations about the nature and purpose of humanity, Enlightenment thinkers conceived novel concepts of anti-authoritarian thinking, empiricism, and the role of reason in humanity. As the Enlightenment led to an upheaval in how intellectuals took the authority of traditional learning, new conversations about the human condition were born. Namely, an emphasis on reason and logic as the primary mechanisms of humanity was developed. Prolific Scottish philosopher David Hume, best known for his radical use of skepticism to examine every possible concept in the vast index of Enlightenment values, emerged as a revolutionary departure from the traditional French and English Enlightenment thinkers. Hume was known for applying a brand of skepticism in his consideration of concepts such as reason, human sympathy, and the authority of tr aditional ideas. While David Hume’s extreme skepticism challenges preconceived notions of Enlightenment values, his approach is ultimately quite reflective of the core beliefs that represent the pinnacle of Enlightenment thought; thereby reinforcing such values while simultaneously casting them in an increasingly realistic light. Firstly, Hume effectively tackles the commonly held assertion that humans are purely rational creatures that successfully implement reason in every situation. Hume concedesShow MoreRelatedThe Occupation Theory Of Property2831 Words   |  12 Pagesonly done through monetary compensation, and hence he claims the Occupation Theory of Property to be inadequate.  THE LABOR THEORY - JOHN LOCKE John Locke, and English philosopher and physician has been known as one of the most influential of enlightenment thinkers. Person is entitled to his property produced through his own labor. His popular theory on labour states that every person putting in labour onto a certain piece of property has the right to it and its produce. Locke’s theory claims thatRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 Pagesâ€Å"Great Awakening†Ã¯ ¼Ë†Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¨ §â€°Ã©â€ â€™Ã¨ ¿ Ã¥Å  ¨, 1730s-1740s) Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Thomas Paine (1737-1809) Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Olaudah Equiano (1745?-1797) Philip Freneau (1752-1832) Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) Hannah Webster Foster (1758-1840) Enlightenment and establishment of the nation Benjamin Franklin a second-generation immigrant of English descendent Writer, printer, publisher, scientist, statesman, and diplomat, he was the most famous and respected private figure of his time. BenjaminRead MoreIwc1 Literature, Arts and Humanities Essay10028 Words   |  41 PagesMultiple Choice The ideas of the Renaissance are most commonly seen as paving the way for which of the following movements? a) Feudalism b) Imperialism c) Industrialism d) Age of Enlightenment Feedback: The correct answer is d. The ideas of the Renaissance are seen as paving the way for the Age of Enlightenment. Question 7: Multiple Choice Which of the following figures from the Renaissance worked in sculpture? a) Boccaccio b) Rabelais c) Machiavelli d) Donatello Feedback: The correctRead MoreIf God is good why is there evil in the world?7066 Words   |  29 Pages Essay Title: â€Å"If God is good why is there evil in the world† Introduction The problem of evil is as ancient as humanity itself. Since the dawn of man, thinkers, philosophers, religionists and practically every human being who have suffered at the hands of evil have pondered this enigma, either as a logical-intellectual-philosophical or emotional-religious-existential problem. The preponderance

Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions. Answer: Introduction: Climate change is defined as the change in the global environment which occurred due to direct or indirect human practices. It is a result of increasing greenhouse gases in the environment due to human activities such as deforestation, use of non-renewable energy sources and burning of fossil fuel (Pindyck, 2013, p.865). In order to address this issue, the government can impose a carbon tax on carbon emissions of companies and people. A carbon tax is a fee that is imposed by the government on the use of fossil fuels or carbon-based fuels including gas, coal and oil (Murray and Rivers, 2015, p.678). Many countries including the United Kingdom, Sweden, Australia, Ireland and Chile has imposed a carbon tax policy (Carbon Tax, 2018, n.p). The issue is whether imposition of a carbon tax can assist in reducing carbon emissions caused by corporations and individuals that cause climate change. A carbon tax can increase the administrative costs for implementation and collection of tax which w ill slow down economic growth of countries. A carbon tax did not guarantee that carbon emissions will be reduced because companies can shift their locations to avoid carbon tax. Although the carbon tax can reduce carbon emissions by eliminating the use of fossil fuel in the manufacturing process, and it can increase the investment in renewable energy sources such as sunlight, tides, wind and biomass. However, carbon tax is not an effective option for mitigating the risk of climate change. It is difficult to increase investment in renewable energy because the administrative costs relating to managing and collecting of the carbon tax will be substantially high that will slow down the countrys economy. The government has to make high investments to ensure that every organisation pay carbon tax accordingly and it became a new burden for manufacturing firms, customers, society and the government. The manufacturing companies are more likely to increase prices for their products and services to mitigate the carbon tax expenses which increase the financial burden of the public (Conefrey et al., 2013, p.941). Furthermore, investors are less likely to invest in countries that impose a carbon tax to save capital which reduces their economy. In Australia, 93.38 percent of the energy consumed through fossil fuel which makes it difficult for the government to encourage organisations to use renewable energy sources (Trading Economics, 2018, n.p). Therefore, if a carbon tax is impose d, then prices of products and services will increase, and investment will decrease which will slow down the economic growth. However, a carbon tax can reduce carbon emissions of companies and individuals and increase the investment in renewable energy sources. Carbon tax encourages organisations to develop environment-friendly technology instead of using fossil fuels that are easily available and relatively cheaper but has a harmful impact on the environment. Due to a high rate of carbon tax, people would make efforts to find new and alternative sources of energy that are environment-friendly such as wind, solar energy, biomass, and tides (Ploeg and Withagen, 2014, p.283). For example, Australian companies are investing in wind power as a source of renewable energy which has grown 35 percent in five years up to 2011. These wind power sources generate 4,455 megawatts (MW) of energy as of 2017, and they are expected to increase up to 18,823 MW (Ramblingsdc, 2015, n.p). Therefore, if a carbon tax is imposed, then investment in renewable energy increases which address the issue of climate change. Although a carbon tax encourages investment in renewable energy, it is far from being an effective solution for climate change. Organisations are more likely to increase their products and services prices rather than investing in renewable energy sources because they require high level of investment. The government will also face difficulty in investing in renewable energy sources because the administration cost of imposing and collecting of carbon tax is substantially high (Aldy and Stavins, 2012, p.176). Investors also did not prefer to invest in countries that impose a high rate of carbon tax that would negatively affect the nations economic growth (Carl and Fedor, 2016, p.57). If carbon tax is imposed, then purchasing power and real (inflation-adjusted) salaries of people will be reduced. Therefore, carbon tax negatively affects a countrys economic growth. The government aims to reduce carbon emissions of corporations and people by imposing a carbon tax; however, it did not guarantee that global carbon emission will be reduced. One of the major contributors of greenhouse gases is manufacturing organisations; instead of paying a high rate of the carbon tax, these corporations can shift their production facilities to countries in which there is no policy of carbon tax (Martin, De Preux and Wagner, 2014, p.1). More than 53 percent of manufacturing work has been outsourced by companies to China and India because of lower labour costs and lack of carbon tax (Statistic Brain, 2017, n.p). Therefore, if a harmonised carbon tax system is not applied worldwide, then it cannot reduce carbon emissions of large companies since they can switch their production location which reduces the impact of a carbon tax system. A carbon tax reduces the negative impact of climate change by reducing huge amount of carbon emissions caused by manufacturing companies and individuals that increase greenhouse gases in the environment. If the government did not make appropriate efforts to reduce carbon emissions, then, it will damage the environment and its resources. In order to preserve the environment, the level of carbon dioxide emission is required to decrease that can be achieved by the imposition of a carbon tax (Samimi and Zarinabadi, 2012, p.1012). In Sweden, from 2000 to 2012, greenhouse gas emissions reduced by 16 percent (OCED, 2014, p.4). Between 1990 and 2005, Demark reported a reduction in carbon emissions per person by 15 percent (Nunez, 2018, n.p). As a result, if carbon tax is imposed, then environmental conditions can be improved. However, carbon tax cannot completely mitigate the risk of climate change because it did not implement across the world. It is not a suitable option due to lack of a globally harmonised carbon tax system. Countries such as Norway and Finland are able to effectively implement carbon tax because of stable economic conditions and low population in the country (Di Cosmo and Hyland, 2013, p.409). However, in large nations such as China, India, EU and USA, it is difficult for governments to impose and collect tax from all organisations effectively (Li et al., 2013, p.927). Countries such as China and India are heavily populated, and they make about 37 percent of worlds total carbon emissions (China 30 percent and India 7 percent) (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2017, n.p). If not efforts made by these two nations for reducing carbon emissions, then it is difficult to reduce carbon emissions around the world by imposing carbon tax. Therefore, carbon tax is not a suitable opt ion. In conclusion, a carbon tax policy can reduce carbon emissions of organisations and individuals, and it can increase the investment in green energy sources which can address the issue of climate change. However, governments face many financial and economic difficulties while implementing a carbon tax policy. It increases the financial burden on companies, people and government. Moreover, corporations can switch their production location to avoid carbon tax due to lack of harmonised carbon tax system worldwide. Therefore, carbon tax is not the best solution for addressing the issue of climate change. Thus, governments should seek other policies for addressing the issue of climate change such as eco-friendly transportation system or recycling and companies across the world should participate in such programs worldwide. References Aldy, JE and Stavins, RN 2012, The promise and problems of pricing carbon: Theory and experience,The Journal of Environment Development, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 152-180. Carbon Tax 2018, Where Carbon Is Taxed, Carbon Tax, viewed 31 March 2018, https://www.carbontax.org/where-carbon-is-taxed/ Carl, J and Fedor, D 2016, Tracking global carbon revenues: A survey of carbon taxes versus cap-and-trade in the real world,Energy Policy, vol. 96, pp. 50-77. Conefrey, T, Fitz Gerald, JD, Valeri, LM and Tol, RS 2013, The impact of a carbon tax on economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Ireland,Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 934-952. Di Cosmo, V and Hyland, M 2013, Carbon tax scenarios and their effects on the Irish energy sector,Energy Policy, vol. 59, pp. 404-414. Li, A, Zhang, A, Cai, H, Li, X and Peng, S 2013, How large are the impacts of carbon-motivated border tax adjustments on China and how to mitigate them?,Energy Policy, vol. 63, pp. 927-934. Martin, R, De Preux, LB and Wagner, UJ 2014, The impact of a carbon tax on manufacturing: Evidence from microdata,Journal of Public Economics, vol.117, pp. 1-14. Murray, B and Rivers, N 2015, British Columbias revenue-neutral carbon tax: A review of the latest grand experiment in environmental policy,Energy Policy, vol. 86, pp. 674-683. Nunez, C 2018, Whats A Carbon Tax, And How Does It Reduce Emissions?, National Geographic, viewed 6 April 2018, https://channel.nationalgeographic.com/before-the-flood/articles/whats-a-carbon-tax-and-how-does-it-reduce-emissions/ OCED 2014, Environmental Performance Reviews: Sweden, OCED, viewed 6 April 2018, https://www.oecd.org/environment/country-reviews/Sweden%20Highlights%20web%20pages2.pdf Pindyck, RS 2013, Climate change policy: What do the models tell us?,Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 860-72. Ploeg, F and Withagen, C 2014, Growth, renewables, and the optimal carbon tax,International Economic Review,vol. 55, no. 1, p. 283. Ramblingsdc 2015 Wind power and wind farms in Australia, Ramblingsdc viewed 6 April 2018, https://www.ramblingsdc.net/Australia/WindPower.html Samimi, A and Zarinabadi, S 2012, Reduction of greenhouse gases emission and effect on environment,Journal of American Science,vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1011-1015. Statistic Brain 2017, Job Overseas Outsourcing Statistics, Statistic Brain viewed 6 April 2018, https://www.statisticbrain.com/outsourcing-statistics-by-country/ Trading Economics 2018, Australia Fossil fuel energy consumption (% of total), Trading Economics, viewed 6 April 2018, https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/fossil-fuel-energy-consumption-percent-of-total-wb-data.html United States Environmental Protection Agency 2017, Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data, EPA, viewed 6 April 2018, https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data

Stella Mccartney Essay Example

Stella Mccartney Essay Stella McCartney Famous English fashion designer, Stella Nina McCartney, was born September 13, 1971. From the young age of twelve she became interested in designing clothes, when she made her first jacket. After graduating from Central Saint Martin’s College of Art and design, Stella McCartney has made a name for herself in the fashion industry. Stella McCartney shops are spread across the globe in exclusive locations including Manhattan’s Soho, London’s Mayfair and Brompton Cross, LA’s West Hollywood, Paris’ Palais Royal, Milan and Tokyo. Out of the twenty-three shops this paper focuses on the store in London, Mayfair. Stella McCartney collections range from women’s ready-to-wear, accessories, lingerie, eyewear, children’s wear, and Adidas by Stella McCartney. Marie Claire calls McCartney, the queen of Eco-Cool. As a strict vegetarian, McCartney refuses to use fur or leather in her designs and is a strong supporter of PETA. In some of the designs the text elaborates on her â€Å"no animal† policy. McCartney explains that depending on what season, twenty to thirty percent of the collections contain some kind of eco or sustainable element, either being organic fabric or a natural dye. Before going to the store and doing some research I found out that the London store and offices are powered by Ecotricity which invests in wind power. Keeping with the companies earth-friendly views they use biodegradable bags and recycled paper products. The London, Mayfair shopping experience was completely different to how a normal day out in the shops would be. From the moment of walking in we were analysing and paying more attention to different things in the store from the lighting, to customer service, music, the design and the layout. When entering the shop the atmosphere was calm and relaxing with nice vibes from the staff. We will write a custom essay sample on Stella Mccartney specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stella Mccartney specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stella Mccartney specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The staff were very kind and attentive and assisted with sizes. Another thing we noticed was the perfume smell that was sprayed around the shop, it made the shop unique and memorable. You associate smell with many things including places so in a business perspective it is a smart technique. The design of the shop was simplistic with white walls and big windows which gives the shop a great natural light. The big mirrors spread everywhere made the store look a lot bigger than it really was. The colours of the collection all blend really well together sorting from green, blue, orange and pinks. I found the whole shopping experience comfortable and stress-free. The shop was inviting and I would definitely go back not only for the clothing but also for the customer service that you rarely see in shops in London. References Dafont. com (n. d. ) Fancy Retro fonts | dafont. com. [online] Available at:http://www. dafont. com/theme. php? cat=115[Accessed: 27 Feb 2013]. Interview Magazine (2013) Stella McCartney. [online] Available at:http://www. interviewmagazine. com/fashion/stella-mccartney [Accessed: 27 Feb 2013]. Marie Claire (2013) Stella McCartney: The Queen of Eco-Cool. online] Available at:http://www. marieclaire. com/fashion/trends/stella-mccartney-eco-fashion [Accessed: 27 Feb 2013]. Stella McCartney Online Store (2013) Stella McCartney Official website. Women’s ready-to-wear, accessories, lingerie, sports performance collection â€Å"adidas by Stella McCartney,† eyewear, fragrance and kids. [online] Available at:http://www. stellamccartney. com/ [Access ed: 27 Feb 2013]. Vogue UK (2012) Stella McCartney. [online] Available at: http://www. vogue. co. uk/spy/biographies/stella-mccartney-biography [Accessed: 27 Feb 2013].